Somatic embryogenesis in Triticum aestivum L. Morphological observations on germination

Somatic embryos were induced from scutellar callus of immature zygotic embryos of T aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. Observations on precociously germinating somatic embryos revealed that: (i) In the initial stages the coleoptile is split, exposes the shoot apex and forms a green trichomatous leafy structure. In the germinating zygotic embryo, the coleoptile is tubular, (ii) Unlike what has been inferred earlier the leafy structure is the coleoptile and not the scutellum, (iii) Bipolarity of the embryoid is established later when root develops at the basal end.

Energetics 0f A Few Marine Crustaceans

Success achieved in seed production and culture of prawns induced researchers to explore the feasibiltiy of culture of other important crustaceans like lobsters and crabs. The CMFRI initiated a project to study the prospects of spiny lobster’ culture and I was associated with this project from the beginning. Compared to shrimp farming, culture of spiny lobsters is an entirely different proposition due to inherent problems in producing their seeds. The emphasis on .obster culture, therefore, shifted to rearing of juvenile lobsters, which form a major portion in commercial lobster landings in India. Commendable success was achieved in enhancing growth rate of four important speices of spiny lobsters by bilateral eyestalk ablation. But due to strong reservations expressed against the "blinding" of lobsters by people from all walks of life, this technique could not be tested commercially for its economic viability. As in prawns, energetics of reproduction and egg development have not yet been documented in spiny lobsters and so these aspects were included in this study. Though some limited informations on food conversion efficiency are availble in spiny lobster, a detailed study on the effect of size and sexual maturity on food conversion was wanting and this also was included in this investigation. The most dominant spiny lobster in south east and south west coast of India, Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus) was selected for this study. Uptake, accumulation and utilization of minerals and trace elements are important events during embryogenesis of aquatic invertebrates. The scope of this study was widened to include these aspects also in order to understand how specific requirements of minerals and trace elements are met in the developing eggs of these two species of crustaceans.